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Theranostics 2022; 12(17):7404-7419. doi:10.7150/thno.75279 This issue Cite

Review

Cerenkov radiation-activated probes for deep cancer theranostics: a review

Nian Liu^1✉, Xinhui Su^1✉, Xiaolian Sun^2✉

1. PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
2. State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.

✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: liuniancheercom; suxinhuiedu.cn; xiaolian_sunedu.cn.

Abstract

Cerenkov radiation (CR) from radionuclides and megavoltage X-ray radiation can act as an in situ light source for deep cancer theranostics, overcoming the limitations of external light sources. Despite the blue-weighted emission and low quantum yield of CR, activatable probes-mediated CR can enhance the in-vivo diagnostic signals by Cerenkov resonance energy transfer and also can produce therapeutic effects by reactive species generation/drug release, greatly promoting the biomedical applications of CR. In this review, we describe the principles and sources of CR, construction of CR-activated probes and their application to tumor optical imaging and therapy. Finally, future prospects for the design and biomedical application of CR-activated probes are discussed.

Keywords: Cerenkov radiation, probes, deep cancer, theranostics, radionuclides, X-ray radiation

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