Theranostics 2022; 12(4):1659-1682. doi:10.7150/thno.67174 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing

Sandra Franz1, Anastasia Ertel1, Kathrin M Engel2, Jan C. Simon1, Anja Saalbach1✉

1. Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany
2. Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Germany

Citation:
Franz S, Ertel A, Engel KM, Simon JC, Saalbach A. Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Theranostics 2022; 12(4):1659-1682. doi:10.7150/thno.67174. https://www.thno.org/v12p1659.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Rationale: In obesity the fine-tuned balance of macrophage phenotypes is disturbed towards a dominance of pro-inflammatory macrophages resulting in exacerbation and persistence of inflammation and impaired tissue repair. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Methods: Impact of obesity on macrophage differentiation was studied in high fat diet induced obese and db/db mice during skin inflammation and wound repair, respectively. Mechanisms of S100A9-mediated effects on macrophage differentiation was studied on in vitro generated macrophages by genomic and proteomic approaches. The role of S100A9 on macrophage differentiation was investigated by pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 during skin inflammation and wound repair in obese and db/db mice.

Results: We demonstrate an overexpression of S100A9 in conditions of obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation in the skin. We show that saturated free fatty acids (SFA), which are increased in obesity, together with S100A9 induce TLR4 and inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release in macrophages which in turn amplifies S100A9 expression initiating a vicious cycle of sustained S100A9 overexpression in skin inflammation in obesity. We reveal a yet unrecognized impact of obesity-associated S100A9 overexpression on macrophage differentiation. S100A9 binding to TLR4 and activation of NFkB attenuates development of M2-like macrophages and induces pro-inflammatory functions in these cells. Consequently, inhibition of S100A9 restores disturbed M2-like macrophage differentiation in mouse models of obesity-associated skin inflammation and wound repair. Similarly, breaking the vicious cycle of S100A9 overexpression by dietary reduction of SFA restored M2-like macrophage activation. Improvement of skin inflammation and wound repair upon reduction of S100A9 by pharmacological inhibition or by reduction of SFA uncovers the pathogenic role of S100A9 overexpression in obesity.

Conclusion: This study identifies S100A9 as a previously unrecognized vital component in obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation and subsequent impaired regulation of inflammation and wound repair. The findings open new opportunities for therapeutic implications for inflammatory diseases and wound repair in obesity.

Keywords: S100A9, obesity, skin inflammation, wound healing, macrophage differentiation


Citation styles

APA
Franz, S., Ertel, A., Engel, K.M., Simon, J.C., Saalbach, A. (2022). Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Theranostics, 12(4), 1659-1682. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.67174.

ACS
Franz, S.; Ertel, A.; Engel, K.M.; Simon, J.C.; Saalbach, A. Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Theranostics 2022, 12 (4), 1659-1682. DOI: 10.7150/thno.67174.

NLM
Franz S, Ertel A, Engel KM, Simon JC, Saalbach A. Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Theranostics 2022; 12(4):1659-1682. doi:10.7150/thno.67174. https://www.thno.org/v12p1659.htm

CSE
Franz S, Ertel A, Engel KM, Simon JC, Saalbach A. 2022. Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing. Theranostics. 12(4):1659-1682.

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