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Theranostics 2020; 10(22):9937-9955. doi:10.7150/thno.45488 This issue Cite

Review

Extracellular vesicles in Inflammatory Skin Disorders: from Pathophysiology to Treatment

Shuai Shao^#, Hui Fang^#, Qingyang Li, Gang Wang^✉

Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710032, China.
#These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Gang Wang, Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China. E-mail: xjwgangedu.cn; Tel: 86-29-84775401.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), naturally secreted by almost all known cell types into extracellular space, can transfer their bioactive cargos of nucleic acids and proteins to recipient cells, mediating cell-cell communication. Thus, they participate in many pathogenic processes including immune regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, angiogenesis, among others. Cumulative evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs on the initiation and progression of inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In dermatology, recent studies indicate that EVs play key immunomodulatory roles in inflammatory skin disorders, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and wound healing. Importantly, EVs can be used as biomarkers of pathophysiological states and/or therapeutic agents, both as carriers of drugs or even as a drug by themselves. In this review, we will summarize current research advances of EVs from different cells and their implications in inflammatory skin disorders, and further discuss their future applications, updated techniques, and challenges in clinical translational medicine.

Keywords: extracellular vesicle, inflammatory skin disorders, biomarker, therapy

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