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Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3276-3289. doi:10.7150/thno.81817 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans

Wenshu Cong1,2, Yajie Wang3, Chunhui Yuan2, Mei Xu2, Han Wang2, You Hu2, Xuyan Dai4, Yuhua Weng1, Peter Timashev5, Xing-Jie Liang6, Yuanyu Huang1✉

1. Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science; School of Life Science; School of Medical Technology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China.
3. Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China.
4. Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P. R. China.
5. Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
6. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.

✉ Corresponding author: E-mail: yyhuangedu.cn (Y.H.).

Citation:
Cong W, Wang Y, Yuan C, Xu M, Wang H, Hu Y, Dai X, Weng Y, Timashev P, Liang XJ, Huang Y. Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3276-3289. doi:10.7150/thno.81817. https://www.thno.org/v13p3276.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is a mitochondrial proteostasis pathway, orchestrates an adaptive reprogramming for metabolism homeostasis and organismal longevity. Similar to other defense systems, compromised UPRmt is a feature of several age-related diseases. Here we report that dimercapto succinic acid (DMSA)-modified cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs), which have received wide-spread attention in biomedical fields, is a promising UPRmt activator and, more importantly, provides a gate for extending healthy lifespan.

Methods: UPRmt activation by Co3O4 NPs was tested in transgenetic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) specifically expressing UPRmt reporter Phsp-6::GFP, and the underlying mechanism was further validated by mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA/nDNA, metabolism-related genes' expression, mitonuclear protein imbalance, oyxgen assumption and ATP level in C. elegans. Then therapeutic response aganist senescence was monitored by lifespan analysis, lipofusin contents, MDA contents, Fe accumulation, pharyngeal locomotion performance as well as athletic ability (head thrashes and body bends) at different developmental stages of C. elegans. RNAi towards ubl-5 or atfs-1 in UPRmt pathway was applied to clarify the role of UPRmt in Co3O4 NPs -mediated anti-aging effects. Finally, the effect of Co3O4 NPs on mitochondrial homeostasis and D-galactose-induced cell viability decline in mammalian cells were studied.

Results: Co3O4 NPs was revealed as a bona fide activator of the UPRmt signaling pathway, through fine-tuning mitochondrial dynamics and inducing a stoichiometric imbalance between OXPHOS subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) at early life stage of C. elegans. Phenotypically, Co3O4 NPs treatment protect C. elegans from external stresses. More importantly, dietary low level of Co3O4 NPs effectively extend lifespan and alleviate aging-related physiological and functional decline of worms, demonstrating its potential roles in delaying aging. While the protective effect exerted by Co3O4 NPs was compromised in line with atfs-1 or ubl-5 RNAi treatment. Further studies verified the conservation of Co3O4 NPs in activating UPRmt and exerting protective effects in mammalian cells.

Conclusions: The results reveal beneficial effects of Co3O4 NPs on mitochondrial metabolic control, thus presenting their potential efficacy in anti-aging care.

Keywords: aging, cobalt oxide nanoparticles, Caenorhabditis elegans, mitochondrial, unfolded protein response

Citation styles

APA
Cong, W., Wang, Y., Yuan, C., Xu, M., Wang, H., Hu, Y., Dai, X., Weng, Y., Timashev, P., Liang, X.J., Huang, Y. (2023). Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics, 13(10), 3276-3289. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.81817.

ACS
Cong, W.; Wang, Y.; Yuan, C.; Xu, M.; Wang, H.; Hu, Y.; Dai, X.; Weng, Y.; Timashev, P.; Liang, X.J.; Huang, Y. Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics 2023, 13 (10), 3276-3289. DOI: 10.7150/thno.81817.

NLM
Cong W, Wang Y, Yuan C, Xu M, Wang H, Hu Y, Dai X, Weng Y, Timashev P, Liang XJ, Huang Y. Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3276-3289. doi:10.7150/thno.81817. https://www.thno.org/v13p3276.htm

CSE
Cong W, Wang Y, Yuan C, Xu M, Wang H, Hu Y, Dai X, Weng Y, Timashev P, Liang XJ, Huang Y. 2023. Dietary cobalt oxide nanoparticles alleviate aging through activation of mitochondrial UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans. Theranostics. 13(10):3276-3289.

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