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Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3224-3244. doi:10.7150/thno.81520 This issue Cite

Review

Cell-membrane-coated nanoparticles for the fight against pathogenic bacteria, toxins, and inflammatory cytokines associated with sepsis

Xiaoyi Wang¹, Zongping Xia², Huaili Wang¹, Dao Wang¹, Tongwen Sun³, Eamran Hossain¹, Xin Pang^4✉, Yufeng Liu^1✉

1. Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
2. Department of Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
3. Department of Integrated ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
4. School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

✉ Corresponding authors: Yufeng Liu (fccguorqedu.cn); Xin Pang (pangxin116com).

Abstract

Sepsis is the main cause of death in patients suffering from serious illness. Yet, there is still no specific treatment for sepsis, and management relies on infection control. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (MNPs) are a new class of biomimetic nanoparticles based on covering the surface of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) with natural cell membranes. They retain the physicochemical properties of synthetic nanomaterials and inherit the specific properties of cellular membranes, showing excellent biological compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, capacity to hold cellular functions and characteristics, immunological escape, and longer half-life when in circulation. Additionally, they prevent the decomposition of the encapsulated drug and active targeting. Over the years, studies on MNPs have multiplied and a breakthrough has been achieved for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the use of “bio”-related approaches is still rare for treating sepsis. Herein, we discussed current state-of-the-art on MNPs for the treatment of bacterial sepsis by combining the pathophysiology and therapeutic benefits of sepsis, i.e., pathogenic bacteria, bacteria-producing toxins, and inflammatory cytokines produced in the dysregulated inflammatory response associated with sepsis.

Keywords: cell membrane-coated nanoparticle, bacterial sepsis, multifunctionality, toxin, inflammatory cytokine

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