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Theranostics 2022; 12(9):4459-4476. doi:10.7150/thno.72676 This issue Cite

Review

Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics

Nicole Noren Hooten✉, Anjali M. Byappanahalli, Mya Vannoy, Victor Omoniyi, Michele K. Evans

Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224

✉ Corresponding author: Nicole Noren Hooten, Ph.D., National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Room 9C-228, Baltimore, MD 21224. E-mail: norenhootennnih.gov; Phon More

Citation:
Noren Hooten N, Byappanahalli AM, Vannoy M, Omoniyi V, Evans MK. Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics. Theranostics 2022; 12(9):4459-4476. doi:10.7150/thno.72676. https://www.thno.org/v12p4459.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Recent attention has focused on the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as biological indicators of health and disease. These small, nano-sized membrane bound vesicles are secreted from cells into the extracellular space and can be readily isolated from bodily fluids. EVs can carry various bioactive molecules as cargo including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. These EVs can provide a snapshot of the cell of origin and a window of opportunity to assess normal physiological states as well as pathophysiological states. For EVs to further develop as potential biomarkers of disease, it is important to characterize whether these vesicles and their associated cargo are altered in the context of demographic factors. Here, we summarize the current literature on how demographics such as age, race, and sex affect the levels and cargo of EVs. Age and sex influence both EV cargo and concentration while race studies report differences mostly in EV protein cargo. This review also identifies areas of future research and important considerations for the clinical use of EVs as biomarkers.

Keywords: extracellular vesicles, exosomes, cargo, biomarker, age, race, sex

Citation styles

APA
Noren Hooten, N., Byappanahalli, A.M., Vannoy, M., Omoniyi, V., Evans, M.K. (2022). Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics. Theranostics, 12(9), 4459-4476. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.72676.

ACS
Noren Hooten, N.; Byappanahalli, A.M.; Vannoy, M.; Omoniyi, V.; Evans, M.K. Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics. Theranostics 2022, 12 (9), 4459-4476. DOI: 10.7150/thno.72676.

NLM
Noren Hooten N, Byappanahalli AM, Vannoy M, Omoniyi V, Evans MK. Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics. Theranostics 2022; 12(9):4459-4476. doi:10.7150/thno.72676. https://www.thno.org/v12p4459.htm

CSE
Noren Hooten N, Byappanahalli AM, Vannoy M, Omoniyi V, Evans MK. 2022. Influences of age, race, and sex on extracellular vesicle characteristics. Theranostics. 12(9):4459-4476.

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