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Theranostics 2022; 12(5):2095-2114. doi:10.7150/thno.69465 This issue Cite

Review

Advances in aptamers against Aβ and applications in Aβ detection and regulation for Alzheimer's disease

Yan Zheng¹, Limin Zhang¹, Jinge Zhao¹, Lingyun Li¹, Minxuan Wang¹, Peifeng Gao², Qing Wang^3✉, Xiaoling Zhang^1✉, Weizhi Wang^1✉

1. Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
2. Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
3. State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.

✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: wangwzedu.cn (W.W.); wwqq99edu.cn (Q.W.); zhangxledu.cn (X.Z.).

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, causing profound social and economic implications. Early diagnosis and treatment of AD have faced great challenges due to the slow and hidden onset. β-amyloid (Aβ) protein has been considered an important biomarker and therapeutic target for AD. Therefore, non-invasive, simple, rapid and real-time detection methods for AD biomarkers are particularly favored. With the development of Aβ aptamers, the specific recognition between aptamers and Aβ plays a significant role in AD theranostics. On the one hand, aptamers are applied to construct biosensors for Aβ detection, which provides possibilities for early diagnosis of AD. On the other hand, aptamers are used for regulating Aβ aggregation process, which provides potential strategies for AD treatment. Many excellent reviews have summarized aptamers for neurodegenerative diseases or biosensors using specific recognition probes for Aβ detection applications in AD. In this review, we highlight the crucial role of the design, classification and applications of aptamers on Aβ detection as well as inhibition of Aβ aggregation for AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, β-amyloid aggregation, Aptamer, Sensing and detection, Inhibition

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