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Theranostics 2024; 14(8):3029-3042. doi:10.7150/thno.96092 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Targeting cathepsin C ameliorates murine acetaminophen-induced liver injury

Jessica Raith¹, Malte Bachmann¹, Sina Gonther¹, Hendrik Stülb¹, Ali A. Aghdassi², Christine T. N. Pham³, Heiko Mühl^1✉

1. pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
2. Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
3. John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and the Department of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

✉ Corresponding author: Heiko Mühl, PhD, E-mail: h.muehluni-frankfurt.de.

Abstract

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdosing is a major cause of acute liver failure worldwide and an established model for drug-induced acute liver injury (ALI). While studying gene expression during murine APAP-induced ALI by 3'mRNA sequencing (massive analysis of cDNA ends, MACE), we observed splenic mRNA accumulation encoding for the neutrophil serine proteases cathepsin G, neutrophil elastase, and proteinase-3 - all are hierarchically activated by cathepsin C (CtsC). This, along with increased serum levels of these proteases in diseased mice, concurs with the established phenomenon of myeloid cell mobilization during APAP intoxication.

Objective: In order to functionally characterize CtsC in murine APAP-induced ALI, effects of its genetic or pharmacological inhibition were investigated.

Methods and Results: We report on substantially reduced APAP toxicity in CtsC deficient mice. Alleviation of disease was likewise observed by treating mice with the CtsC inhibitor AZD7986, both in short-term prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. This latter observation indicates a mode of action beyond inhibition of granule-associated serine proteases. Protection in CtsC knockout or AZD7986-treated wildtype mice was unrelated to APAP metabolization but, as revealed by MACE, realtime PCR, or ELISA, associated with impaired expression of inflammatory genes with proven pathogenic roles in ALI. Genes consistently downregulated in protocols tested herein included cxcl2, mmp9, and angpt2. Moreover, ptpn22, a positive regulator of the toll-like receptor/interferon-axis, was reduced by targeting CtsC.

Conclusions: This work suggests CtsC as promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI, among others paradigmatic APAP-induced ALI. Being also currently evaluated in phase III clinical trials for bronchiectasis, successful application of AZD7986 in experimental APAP intoxication emphasizes the translational potential of this latter therapeutic approach.

Keywords: Acetaminophen, Acute Liver Injury, Inflammation, Cathepsin C, AZD7986

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