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Theranostics 2021; 11(2):491-505. doi:10.7150/thno.51215 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response

Danny Feijtel1,2, Gabriela N. Doeswijk1, Nicole S. Verkaik2,3, Joost C. Haeck1, Daniela Chicco4, Carmelina Angotti4, Mark W. Konijnenberg1, Marion de Jong1, Julie Nonnekens1,2,3,✉

1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
2. Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
3. Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
4. Advanced Accelerator Applications SA, a Novartis Company, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands

✉ Corresponding author: Julie Nonnekens, Erasmus MC, Room Ee757R, PO box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 10 704 32 06; Fax: +31 10 704 47 43; Email: j.nonnekensnl.

Citation:
Feijtel D, Doeswijk GN, Verkaik NS, Haeck JC, Chicco D, Angotti C, Konijnenberg MW, de Jong M, Nonnekens J. Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response. Theranostics 2021; 11(2):491-505. doi:10.7150/thno.51215. https://www.thno.org/v11p0491.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can be treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Here, the somatostatin analogue octreotate radiolabeled with lutetium-177 is targeted to NET cells by binding to the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SST2). During radioactive decay, DNA damage is induced, leading to NET cell death. Although the therapy proves to be effective, mortality rates remain high. To appropriately select more optimal treatment strategies, it is essential to first better understand the radiobiological responses of tumor cells to PRRT.

Methods: We analyzed PRRT induced radiobiological responses in SST2 expressing cells and xenografted mice using SPECT/MRI scanning and histological and molecular analyses. We measured [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE uptake and performed analyses to visualize induction of DNA damage, cell death and other cellular characteristics.

Results: The highest accumulation of radioactivity was measured in the tumor and kidneys. PRRT induced DNA damage signaling and repair in a time-dependent manner. We observed intra-tumor heterogeneity of DNA damage and apoptosis, which was not attributed to proliferation or bioavailability. We found a strong correlation between high DNA damage levels and high SST2 expression. PRRT elicited a different therapeutic response between models with different SST2 expression levels. Heterogeneous SST2 expression levels were also confirmed in patient NETs.

Conclusion: Heterogeneous SST2 expression levels within NETs cause differentially induced DNA damage levels, influence recurrent tumor phenotypes and impact the therapeutic response in different models and potentially in patients. Our results contribute to a better understanding of PRRT effects, which might impact future therapeutic outcome of NET patients.

Keywords: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, neuroendocrine tumors, somatostatin receptor subtype 2, radiobiology, DNA damage response

Citation styles

APA
Feijtel, D., Doeswijk, G.N., Verkaik, N.S., Haeck, J.C., Chicco, D., Angotti, C., Konijnenberg, M.W., de Jong, M., Nonnekens, J. (2021). Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response. Theranostics, 11(2), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.51215.

ACS
Feijtel, D.; Doeswijk, G.N.; Verkaik, N.S.; Haeck, J.C.; Chicco, D.; Angotti, C.; Konijnenberg, M.W.; de Jong, M.; Nonnekens, J. Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response. Theranostics 2021, 11 (2), 491-505. DOI: 10.7150/thno.51215.

NLM
Feijtel D, Doeswijk GN, Verkaik NS, Haeck JC, Chicco D, Angotti C, Konijnenberg MW, de Jong M, Nonnekens J. Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response. Theranostics 2021; 11(2):491-505. doi:10.7150/thno.51215. https://www.thno.org/v11p0491.htm

CSE
Feijtel D, Doeswijk GN, Verkaik NS, Haeck JC, Chicco D, Angotti C, Konijnenberg MW, de Jong M, Nonnekens J. 2021. Inter and intra-tumor somatostatin receptor 2 heterogeneity influences peptide receptor radionuclide therapy response. Theranostics. 11(2):491-505.

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