Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis

Shen, Chih-Jie; Chang, Kwang-Yu; Lin, Bo-Wen; Lin, Wei-Ting; Su, Che-Min; Tsai, Jhih-Peng; Liao, Yu-Han; Hung, Liang-Yi; Chang, Wen-Chang; Chen, Ben-Kuen

doi:10.7150/thno.44744

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Theranostics 2020; 10(16):7083-7099. doi:10.7150/thno.44744 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis

Chih-Jie Shen^1,2, Kwang-Yu Chang^3,4, Bo-Wen Lin⁵, Wei-Ting Lin⁵, Che-Min Su⁵, Jhih-Peng Tsai^1,4, Yu-Han Liao⁶, Liang-Yi Hung^6,7, Wen-Chang Chang^2✉, Ben-Kuen Chen^1,6,7✉

1. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
2. Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.
3. National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
5. Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
6. Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
7. Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC.

Citation:

Shen CJ, Chang KY, Lin BW, Lin WT, Su CM, Tsai JP, Liao YH, Hung LY, Chang WC, Chen BK. Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics 2020; 10(16):7083-7099. doi:10.7150/thno.44744. https://www.thno.org/v10p7083.htm

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Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and related mortality are highly associated with metabolic disorders. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of hyperlipidemia-associated CRC metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) on NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which might provide new targets for improving outcomes in patients with hyperlipidemia-associated CRC metastasis.

Methods: The clinical relevance of relationship between NOX4 expression and ANGPTL4 was examined in CRC patients by the Oncomine and TCGA data set. Expressions of NOX4, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and gene regulation of NOX4 in free fatty acids (FFAs)-treated CRC cells were determined. The FFAs-triggered metastatic ability of CRC cells under treatments of antioxidants or knockdown of NOX4, ANGPTL4, and MMPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In addition, effects of antioxidants and depletion of metastasis-associated molecules on the correlation between ROS production and FFAs-promoted CRC metastasis were also clarified.

Results: In this study, we found that the induction of NOX4, followed by the increased ROS was essential for oleic acid (OA)-promoted CRC cell metastasis. The depletion of ANGPTL4 significantly inhibited c-Jun-mediated transactivation of NOX4 expression, accompanied with reduced levels of ROS, MMP-1, and MMP-9, resulting in the disruption of OA-promoted CRC cell metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of ANGPTL4, NOX4, MMP-1, and MMP-9 or the treatment of antioxidants dramatically inhibited circulating OA-enhanced tumor cell extravasation and metastatic seeding of tumor cells in lungs, indicating that the ANGPTL4/NOX4 axis was critical for dyslipidemia-associated tumor metastasis.

Conclusion: The coincident expression of NOX4 and ANGPTL4 in CRC tumor specimens provides the insight into the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of dyslipidemia-associated CRC metastasis.

Keywords: colorectal cancer, oleic acid, ANGPTL4, NOX4, metastasis

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APA

Shen, C.J., Chang, K.Y., Lin, B.W., Lin, W.T., Su, C.M., Tsai, J.P., Liao, Y.H., Hung, L.Y., Chang, W.C., Chen, B.K. (2020). Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics, 10(16), 7083-7099. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.44744.

ACS

Shen, C.J.; Chang, K.Y.; Lin, B.W.; Lin, W.T.; Su, C.M.; Tsai, J.P.; Liao, Y.H.; Hung, L.Y.; Chang, W.C.; Chen, B.K. Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics 2020, 10 (16), 7083-7099. DOI: 10.7150/thno.44744.

NLM

CSE

Shen CJ, Chang KY, Lin BW, Lin WT, Su CM, Tsai JP, Liao YH, Hung LY, Chang WC, Chen BK. 2020. Oleic acid-induced NOX4 is dependent on ANGPTL4 expression to promote human colorectal cancer metastasis. Theranostics. 10(16):7083-7099.

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