Full Text | PDF

Share on tweeters Share on facebook Share on linkedin Share on googleplus

Theranostics 2020; 10(13):5957-5965. doi:10.7150/thno.45422 This issue Cite

Review

Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms

Sipin Zhu1,2, Samuel Bennett2, Vincent Kuek2, Chuan Xiang3, Huazi Xu1, Vicki Rosen4, Jiake Xu1,2✉

1. Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
2. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
3. Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 300001 China.
4. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

✉ Corresponding author: W/Professor Jiake Xu, Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Phone: +61 8 6457 2739; E-mail: jiake.xuedu.au

Citation:
Zhu S, Bennett S, Kuek V, Xiang C, Xu H, Rosen V, Xu J. Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms. Theranostics 2020; 10(13):5957-5965. doi:10.7150/thno.45422. https://www.thno.org/v10p5957.htm
Other styles

File import instruction

Abstract

Graphic abstract

Blood vessels are conduits distributed throughout the body, supporting tissue growth and homeostasis by the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the linings of the blood vessels, and together with pericytes, are essential for organ development and tissue homeostasis through producing paracrine signalling molecules, called angiocrine factors. In the skeletal system, ECs - derived angiocrine factors, combined with bone cells-released angiogenic factors, orchestrate intercellular crosstalk of the bone microenvironment, and the coupling of angiogenesis-to-osteogenesis. Whilst the involvement of angiogenic factors and the blood vessels of the skeleton is relatively well established, the impact of ECs -derived angiocrine factors on bone and cartilage homeostasis is gradually emerging. In this review, we survey ECs - derived angiocrine factors, which are released by endothelial cells of the local microenvironment and by distal organs, and act specifically as regulators of skeletal growth and homeostasis. These may potentially include angiocrine factors with osteogenic property, such as Hedgehog, Notch, WNT, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Understanding the versatile mechanisms by which ECs-derived angiocrine factors orchestrate bone and cartilage homeostasis, and pathogenesis, is an important step towards the development of therapeutic potential for skeletal diseases.

Keywords: angiocrine factors, angiogenic factors, bone and cartilage homeostasis, endothelial cells, angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling

Citation styles

APA
Zhu, S., Bennett, S., Kuek, V., Xiang, C., Xu, H., Rosen, V., Xu, J. (2020). Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms. Theranostics, 10(13), 5957-5965. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.45422.

ACS
Zhu, S.; Bennett, S.; Kuek, V.; Xiang, C.; Xu, H.; Rosen, V.; Xu, J. Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms. Theranostics 2020, 10 (13), 5957-5965. DOI: 10.7150/thno.45422.

NLM
Zhu S, Bennett S, Kuek V, Xiang C, Xu H, Rosen V, Xu J. Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms. Theranostics 2020; 10(13):5957-5965. doi:10.7150/thno.45422. https://www.thno.org/v10p5957.htm

CSE
Zhu S, Bennett S, Kuek V, Xiang C, Xu H, Rosen V, Xu J. 2020. Endothelial cells produce angiocrine factors to regulate bone and cartilage via versatile mechanisms. Theranostics. 10(13):5957-5965.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
Popup Image

©2024 Ivyspring International Publisher. Terms of use