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Theranostics 2020; 10(11):4871-4884. doi:10.7150/thno.43539 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity

Wanzun Lin1, Yanyan Xu2, Xiaochuan Chen3, Jun Liu4, Youliang Weng1, Qingyang Zhuang3, Feifei Lin3, Zongwei Huang3, Shihong Wu3, Jianming Ding1, Long Chen5, Xianxin Qiu6, Lurong Zhang7, Junxin Wu1✉, Duo Lin8✉, Sufang Qiu3,9✉

1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
4. Department of Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
5. Division of Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
7. Department of radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
8. Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
9. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, China

✉ Corresponding authors: Drs. Sufang Qiu (sufangqiuedu.cn), Drs. Duo Lin (linduo1986com) or Drs. Junxin Wu (junxinwufjcom).

Citation:
Lin W, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhuang Q, Lin F, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding J, Chen L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wu J, Lin D, Qiu S. Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Theranostics 2020; 10(11):4871-4884. doi:10.7150/thno.43539. https://www.thno.org/v10p4871.htm
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Abstract

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Rationale: Accumulating evidence supports the importance of radiation therapy in the induction of antitumor immunity. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play essential roles in tumor antigen loading and delivery. However, the role of sEVs in radiation-induced antitumor immunity remains unclear. It is therefore important to determine the role and regulatory mechanisms of sEVs in radiation-induced immunity.

Methods: Tumor cells were irradiated (8 Gy), and sEVs were purified via ultracentrifugation. Primary tumor and experimental lung metastasis models were established in mice to evaluate antitumor immunity triggered by immunization with sEVs. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify altered cargos in sEVs induced by radiation. Peptides derived from up-regulated proteins in sEVs were designed and synthesized as vaccines according to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I binding and immunogenicity.

Results: Here, we demonstrated that sEVs derived from irradiated tumor cells could trigger antitumor immunity against primary tumor and experimental lung metastasis by enhancing CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration. Radiation may also enrich sEVs with tumor antigens and heat-shock proteins. Furthermore, CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) derived from radiation-induced sEVs was identified as a novel tumor-associated antigen and developed as a peptide vaccine that may generate antitumor immune responses.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the use of sEVs secreted by irradiated tumor cells constitutes an efficient approach for tumor antigen delivery and presentation and highlight the role of sEVs in radiation-triggered antitumor immunity.

Keywords: small extracellular vesicles, antitumor immunity, radiation therapy, abscopal effect, tumor-associated antigens

Citation styles

APA
Lin, W., Xu, Y., Chen, X., Liu, J., Weng, Y., Zhuang, Q., Lin, F., Huang, Z., Wu, S., Ding, J., Chen, L., Qiu, X., Zhang, L., Wu, J., Lin, D., Qiu, S. (2020). Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Theranostics, 10(11), 4871-4884. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.43539.

ACS
Lin, W.; Xu, Y.; Chen, X.; Liu, J.; Weng, Y.; Zhuang, Q.; Lin, F.; Huang, Z.; Wu, S.; Ding, J.; Chen, L.; Qiu, X.; Zhang, L.; Wu, J.; Lin, D.; Qiu, S. Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Theranostics 2020, 10 (11), 4871-4884. DOI: 10.7150/thno.43539.

NLM
Lin W, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhuang Q, Lin F, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding J, Chen L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wu J, Lin D, Qiu S. Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Theranostics 2020; 10(11):4871-4884. doi:10.7150/thno.43539. https://www.thno.org/v10p4871.htm

CSE
Lin W, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhuang Q, Lin F, Huang Z, Wu S, Ding J, Chen L, Qiu X, Zhang L, Wu J, Lin D, Qiu S. 2020. Radiation-induced small extracellular vesicles as “carriages” promote tumor antigen release and trigger antitumor immunity. Theranostics. 10(11):4871-4884.

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