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Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2678-2693. doi:10.7150/thno.31884 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis

Hao Yin1,2*, Chun-Yuan Chen1,2*, Yi-Wei Liu2,3*, Yi-Juan Tan2, Zhi-Li Deng4,8, Fei Yang7, Fei-Yu Huang7, Cong Wen7, Shan-Shan Rao2,9, Ming-Jie Luo2,9, Xiong-Ke Hu2, Zheng-Zhao Liu2,3,4,6, Zhen-Xing Wang2, Jia Cao2, Hao-Ming Liu2, Jiang-Hua Liu1,2, Tao Yue1,2, Si-Yuan Tang9, Hui Xie1,2,3,4,5,6✉

1. Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
2. Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
3. Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
4. Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
5. Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
6. National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
7. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
8. Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
9. Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
*These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding author: huixieedu.cn; #87 Xiangya road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.

Citation:
Yin H, Chen CY, Liu YW, Tan YJ, Deng ZL, Yang F, Huang FY, Wen C, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Hu XK, Liu ZZ, Wang ZX, Cao J, Liu HM, Liu JH, Yue T, Tang SY, Xie H. Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2678-2693. doi:10.7150/thno.31884. https://www.thno.org/v09p2678.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Poor wound healing affects millions of people worldwide each year and needs better therapeutic strategies. Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a naturally occurring photoautotrophic cyanobacterium that can be easily obtained and large-scale expanded. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of this cyanobacterium in a mouse model of acute burn injury and whether the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), important mediators of cell paracrine activity, is a key mechanism of the cyanobacterium-induced regulation of wound healing.

Methods: The effects of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 on burn wound healing in mice under light or dark conditions were evaluated by measuring wound closure rates, histological and immunofluorescence analyses. A series of assays in vivo and in vitro were conducted to assess the impact of the cyanobacterium on angiogenesis. GW4869 was used to interfere with the secretion of EVs by the cyanobacterium and the abilities of the GW4869-pretreated and untreated Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to regulate endothelial angiogenesis were compared. The direct effects of the cyanobacterium-derived EVs (S. elongatus-EVs) on angiogenesis, wound healing and expressions of a class of pro-inflammatory factors that have regulatory roles in wound healing were also examined.

Results: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 treatment under light and dark conditions both significantly promoted angiogenesis and burn wound repair in mice. In vitro, the cyanobacterium enhanced angiogenic activities of endothelial cells, but the effects were markedly blocked by GW4869 pretreatment. S. elongatus-EVs were capable of augmenting endothelial angiogenesis in vitro, and stimulating new blood vessel formation and burn wound healing in mice. The expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), which has an essential role in angiogenesis during skin wound repair, was induced in wound tissues and wound healing-related cells by S. elongatus-EVs and Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

Conclusion: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 has the potential as a promising strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis and wound healing primarily by the delivery of functional EVs, not by its photosynthetic activity. The promotion of IL-6 expression may be a mechanism of the cyanobacterium and its EVs-induced pro-angiogenic and -wound healing effects.

Keywords: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, extracellular vesicles, wound healing, angiogenesis

Citation styles

APA
Yin, H., Chen, C.Y., Liu, Y.W., Tan, Y.J., Deng, Z.L., Yang, F., Huang, F.Y., Wen, C., Rao, S.S., Luo, M.J., Hu, X.K., Liu, Z.Z., Wang, Z.X., Cao, J., Liu, H.M., Liu, J.H., Yue, T., Tang, S.Y., Xie, H. (2019). Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Theranostics, 9(9), 2678-2693. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.31884.

ACS
Yin, H.; Chen, C.Y.; Liu, Y.W.; Tan, Y.J.; Deng, Z.L.; Yang, F.; Huang, F.Y.; Wen, C.; Rao, S.S.; Luo, M.J.; Hu, X.K.; Liu, Z.Z.; Wang, Z.X.; Cao, J.; Liu, H.M.; Liu, J.H.; Yue, T.; Tang, S.Y.; Xie, H. Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Theranostics 2019, 9 (9), 2678-2693. DOI: 10.7150/thno.31884.

NLM
Yin H, Chen CY, Liu YW, Tan YJ, Deng ZL, Yang F, Huang FY, Wen C, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Hu XK, Liu ZZ, Wang ZX, Cao J, Liu HM, Liu JH, Yue T, Tang SY, Xie H. Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2678-2693. doi:10.7150/thno.31884. https://www.thno.org/v09p2678.htm

CSE
Yin H, Chen CY, Liu YW, Tan YJ, Deng ZL, Yang F, Huang FY, Wen C, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Hu XK, Liu ZZ, Wang ZX, Cao J, Liu HM, Liu JH, Yue T, Tang SY, Xie H. 2019. Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 secretes extracellular vesicles to accelerate cutaneous wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Theranostics. 9(9):2678-2693.

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