Theranostics 2015; 5(2):173-187. doi:10.7150/thno.9860 This issue Cite

Review

Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System

Yang Jiao1, Baocun Zhu2, Jihua Chen3, Xiaohong Duan1✉

1. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China;
2. School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.

Citation:
Jiao Y, Zhu B, Chen J, Duan X. Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System. Theranostics 2015; 5(2):173-187. doi:10.7150/thno.9860. https://www.thno.org/v05p0173.htm
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Abstract

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Fluoride ions have the important roles in a lot of physiological activities related with biological and medical system, such as water fluoridation, caries treatment, and bone disease treatment. Great efforts have been made to develop new methods and strategies for F- detection in the past decades. Traditional methods for the detection of F- including ion chromatography, ion-selective electrodes, and spectroscopic techniques have the limitations in the biomedicine research. The fluorescent probes for F- are very promising that overcome some drawbacks of traditional fluoride detection methods. These probes exhibit high selectivity, high sensitivity as well as quick response to the detection of fluoride anions. The review commences with a brief description of photophysical mechanisms for fluorescent probes for fluoride, including photo induced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Followed by a discussion about common dyes for fluorescent fluoride probes, such as anthracene, naphalimide, pyrene, BODIPY, fluorescein, rhodamine, resorufin, coumarin, cyanine, and near-infrared (NIR) dyes. We divide the fluorescent probes for fluoride in cellular application systems into nine groups, for example, type of hydrogen bonds, type of cleavage of Si-O bonds, type of Si-O bond cleavage and cylization reactions, etc. We also review the recent reported carriers in the delivery of fluorescent fluoride probes. Seventy-four typical fluorescent fluoride probes are listed and compared in detail, including quantum yield, reaction medium, excitation and emission wavelengths, linear detection range, selectivity for F-, mechanism, and analytical applications. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of the application of fluorescent fluoride probes in cellular system and in vivo. We wish that more and more excellent fluorescent fluoride probes will be developed and applied in the biomedicine field in the future.

Keywords: fluoride, fluorescent probes, fluorophores, cell, in vivo.


Citation styles

APA
Jiao, Y., Zhu, B., Chen, J., Duan, X. (2015). Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System. Theranostics, 5(2), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.9860.

ACS
Jiao, Y.; Zhu, B.; Chen, J.; Duan, X. Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System. Theranostics 2015, 5 (2), 173-187. DOI: 10.7150/thno.9860.

NLM
Jiao Y, Zhu B, Chen J, Duan X. Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System. Theranostics 2015; 5(2):173-187. doi:10.7150/thno.9860. https://www.thno.org/v05p0173.htm

CSE
Jiao Y, Zhu B, Chen J, Duan X. 2015. Fluorescent Sensing of Fluoride in Cellular System. Theranostics. 5(2):173-187.

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