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Theranostics 2020; 10(7):3206-3222. doi:10.7150/thno.40414 This issue Cite

Review

Autophagy Modulated by Inorganic Nanomaterials

Lingling Guo¹, Nongyue He^1,2,3,4✉, Yongxiang Zhao⁴, Tonghua Liu³, Yan Deng^2✉

1. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Biological Nanomaterials and Devices, College of life sciences and chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
3. Tibetan University of Tibetan Traditional Medicine, Lasa 850000, Tibetan, China
4. National Center for International Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China

✉ Corresponding authors: nyheedu.cn (N. He), and hndengyancom (Y. Deng).

Abstract

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, inorganic nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in modern society. As human exposure to inorganic NMs is inevitable, comprehensive assessment of the safety of inorganic NMs is required. It is well known that autophagy plays dual roles in cell survival and cell death. Moreover, inorganic NMs have been proven to induce autophagy perturbation in cells. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy is required for the safety assessment of inorganic NMs. This review presents an overview of a set of inorganic NMs, consisting of iron oxide NMs, silver NMs, gold NMs, carbon-based NMs, silica NMs, quantum dots, rare earth oxide NMs, zinc oxide NMs, alumina NMs, and titanium dioxide NMs, as well as how each modulates autophagy. This review emphasizes the potential mechanisms underlying NMs-induced autophagy perturbation, as well as the role of autophagy perturbation in cell fate determination. Furthermore, we also briefly review the potential roles of inorganic NMs-modulated autophagy in diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Keywords: inorganic nanomaterials, nanotechnology, nanotoxicity, autophagy perturbation, disease therapy

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