Theranostics 2019; 9(21):6239-6255. doi:10.7150/thno.35972 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Qiang-Song Wang1*, Li-Na Gao2,3*, Xiao-Ning Zhu2*, Yan Zhang1, Chuang-Nian Zhang1, Dong Xu1, Yuan-Lu Cui2✉

1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
2. Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
3. College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, PR China
* Indicates an equal contribution.

Citation:
Wang QS, Gao LN, Zhu XN, Zhang Y, Zhang CN, Xu D, Cui YL. Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9(21):6239-6255. doi:10.7150/thno.35972. https://www.thno.org/v09p6239.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Nanocarrier drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been paid more attention over conventional drug delivery system for cancer therapy. However, the efficacy is hampered by the fast clearance of activated macrophage from the blood circulation system. In this study, glycyrrhizin (GL) was introduced into alginate (ALG) nanogel particles (NGPs) to construct multifunctional delivery vehicle to decrease the fast clearance of activated macrophage and enhance the anticancer efficacy with the combination therapy of GL and doxorubicin (DOX).

Methods: We firstly synthesized the GL-ALG NGPs with intermolecular hydrogen bond and ionic bond as the multifunctional delivery vehicle. The immune response and phagocytosis of macrophage on GL-ALG NGPs were investigated on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The pharmacokinetic study of DOX loaded in GL-ALG NGPs was performed in rats. The active targeting effects of GL-ALG NGPs were further studied on hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and H22 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the anticancer molecular mechanism of DOX/GL-ALG NGPs was investigated on HepG2 cells in vitro and tumor-bearing mice in vivo.

Results: GL-ALG NGPs could not only avoid triggering the immuno-inflammatory responses of macrophages but also decreasing the phagocytosis of macrophage. The bioavailability of DOX was increased about 13.2 times by DOX/GL-ALG NGPs than free DOX in blood. The mice with normal immune functions used in constructing the tumor-bearing mice instead of the nude mouse also indicated the good biocompatibility of NGPs. GL-mediated ALG NGPs exhibited excellent hepatocellular carcinoma targeting effect in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that the anticancer molecular mechanism of the combination therapy of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin in ALG NGPs was performed via regulating apoptosis pathway of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, which was also verified in H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Conclusion: DOX/GL-ALG NGPs could attenuate the activation of macrophage and enhance the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that the combination therapy would provide a new strategy for liver cancer treatment.

Keywords: Glycyrrhizin, Alginate, Nanogel particles, Macrophage, Combination therapy


Citation styles

APA
Wang, Q.S., Gao, L.N., Zhu, X.N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C.N., Xu, D., Cui, Y.L. (2019). Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics, 9(21), 6239-6255. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.35972.

ACS
Wang, Q.S.; Gao, L.N.; Zhu, X.N.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, C.N.; Xu, D.; Cui, Y.L. Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2019, 9 (21), 6239-6255. DOI: 10.7150/thno.35972.

NLM
Wang QS, Gao LN, Zhu XN, Zhang Y, Zhang CN, Xu D, Cui YL. Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9(21):6239-6255. doi:10.7150/thno.35972. https://www.thno.org/v09p6239.htm

CSE
Wang QS, Gao LN, Zhu XN, Zhang Y, Zhang CN, Xu D, Cui YL. 2019. Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Theranostics. 9(21):6239-6255.

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